If you want to have more information of chords formation, click here
Major: 1-3-5
Minor: b3 or (minor 3rd or flat 3rd), 1-b3-5
7th: b7 (or minor 7th), 1-3-5-b7
min7: b3, b7 (or minor 3rd and 7th), 1-b3-5-b7
Major7: add 7 (or add maj 7), 1-3-5-7
sus: suspend 3rd note, replaced by or add 2nd and 4th note, 1-2-4-5
sus2: suspend 3rd note, replaced by or add 2nd note, 1-2-5
sus4: suspend 3rd note, replaced by or add 4th note, 1-4-5
Diminished (o): b3 and b5, 1-b3-b5
Augmented (+): #5, 1-3-#5
5 (C5): Power Chord, 1-5 or 1-5-1
6 (C6): Add 6, 1-3-5-6
2 (C2): Add 2, 1-2-3-5
Add9: Add 9, 1-3-5-9
C2 and Cadd9 is of the same tone because 2 and 9 is the samae tone
Major key: 1 - 3 - 5 Eg. C = C, E, G
Minor key: 1 - b3 - 5 (Minor key b the 3rd note) Eg. Dm = D, F, A
Dominant 7th: 1 - 3 - 5 - b7 (b the 7th note) Eg. G7 = G, B, D, F
Minor 7th: 1 - b3 - 5 - b7 (b the 3rd and 7th note) Eg. Am7 = A, C, E, G
Diminished: 1 - b3 - b5 - b7 (Minor 7th with b5) Eg, Bdim = B, D, F, A
5 semi 4 semi
For Maj and Min Chord is 1 -------- 3 --------- 5
5 semi 4 semi 5 semi
For 7th Chord is 1 -------- 3 --------- 5 --------- 7
Example C Family
C - Dminor - Eminor - F - G7 - Aminor - Bdim
Easiest Way to determine the Key Signature by the number of "#" and "b"
Key: C (0 #)
Right Hand Count 5 Left hand count number of "#" Key Determined
C D E F G (1 #) F# (G move half back) Key: G (take the last note)
G A B C D (2 #) F# C# Key: D (take the last note)
D E F G A (3 #) F# C# G# Key: A (take the last note)
A B C D E (4 #) F# C# G# D# Key: E (take the last note)
E F G A B (5 #) F# C# G# D# A# Key: B (take the last note)
B C D E F# (6 #) F# C# G# D# A# E#(F) Key: F# (take the last note)
Key: C (0 b)
Right Hand Count 4 Left hand count number of "b" Key Determined
C D E F (1 b) Bb (next note 4th) Key: F (take the last note)
F G A Bb (2 b) Bb Eb Key: Bb (take the last note)
B C D Eb (3 b) Bb Eb Ab Key: Eb (take the last note)
E F G Ab (4 b) Bb Eb Ab Db Key: Ab (take the last note)
A B C Db (5 b) Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Key: Db (take the last note)
D E F Gb (6 b) Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb Key: Gb (take the last note)
C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B C
Db Eb Gb Ab Bb Cb
Repeated Repeated Repeated
How to Make Chords from a Scale (Chord Formation)
Following will show you how Major and Minor Chords are formed
Major 1, 4, 5
Minor 2, 3, 6
Key: C
W W H W W
M m m M M m di
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
C D E F G A B C
D F G A B C D
G A B C D E F
Key: Bb
W W H W W
M m m M M m di
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Bb C D Eb F G A Bb
D Eb F G A Bb C
F G A Bb C D Eb
Two Ways To Find Major and Minor Scales | Method To Memorize Scales
Recognizing Key signatures with the number of "#" and "b" and where are they located
When you look at the Score, when you see all the "b"s on the left, that means Black Keys Chords
Finding Major & Minor Scale with the following 2 Methods
1) Scale Formula. (Major: W W H W W W H) (Minor: W H W W H W W)
2) Circle of 5th to find the "#" and Circle of 4th to find the "b" in the scale
1) Scale Formula. (Major: W W H W W W H) (Minor: W H W W H W W)
Major Key: W W H W W W H
C D E F G A B C (Key: C)
Minor Key: W H W W H W W
A B C D E F G A (Key: Relative Am)
Minor Key: Flat the 3rd key and 6th key
Diminished 7th Chord: Flat the 7th key
Determine the Key Signatures by the number of "#"s and "b"s
Here we see "#"s are generally for WHITE keys chords
"b"s are generally for BLACK keys chords
Intervals are Distance between notes
Db Eb Gb Ab Bb
C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B C
Finding MAJOR Scales
Ky W W H W W W H Ky W W H W W W H
C D E F G A B C (0 #) F G A Bb C D E F (1 b)
G A B C D E F# G (1 #) Bb C D Eb F G A Bb (2 b)
D E F# G A B C# D (2 #) Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb (3 b)
A B C# D E F# G# A (3 #) Ab Bb C Db Eb F G Ab (4 b)
E F# G# A B C# D# E (4 #) Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb C Db (5 b)
B C# D# E F# G# A# B (5 #) Gb Ab Bb Cb Db Eb F Gb (6 b)
Db Eb Gb Ab Bb (Cb)
C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B C
Finding Relative MINOR Scales from above Major Scale
(Please take note that the below are all Minor keys written in Short cut)
Ky W H W W H W W Ky W H W W H W W
Am B C D E F G A (0 #) Dm E F G A Bb C D (1 b)
Em F# G A B C D E (1 #) Gm A Bb C D Eb F G (2 b)
Bm C# D E F# G A B (2 #) Cm D Eb F G Ab Bb C (3 b)
F#m G# A B C# D E F# (3 #) Fm G Ab Bb C Db Eb F (4 b)
C#m D# E F# G# A B C# (4 #) Bbm C Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb (5 b)
G#m A# B C# D# E F# G# (5 #) Ebm F Gb Ab Bb Cb Db Eb (6 b)
Major key signature with "#"s on Score and their Relative Minor key signature
| Major key | Number of sharps | Sharp notes | Minor key | Enharmonic equivalent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C major | 0 | A minor | None | |
| G major | 1 | F♯ | E minor | None |
| D major | 2 | F♯, C♯ | B minor | None |
| A major | 3 | F♯, C♯, G♯ | F♯ minor | None |
| E major | 4 | F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯ | C♯ minor | None |
| B major | 5 | F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯ | G♯ minor | C♭ major/A♭ minor |
| F♯ major | 6 | F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯ | D♯ minor | G♭ major/E♭ minor |
| C♯ major | 7 | F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯ | A♯ minor | D♭ major/B♭ minor |
Major key signature with "b"s on Score and their Relative Minor key signature
| Major key | Number of flats | Flat notes | Minor key | Enharmonic equivalent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C major | 0 | A minor | None | |
| F major | 1 | B♭ | D minor | None |
| B♭ major | 2 | B♭, E♭ | G minor | None |
| E♭ major | 3 | B♭, E♭, A♭ | C minor | None |
| A♭ major | 4 | B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭ | F minor | None |
| D♭ major | 5 | B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭ | B♭ minor | C♯ major/A♯ minor |
| G♭ major | 6 | B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭ | E♭ minor | F♯ major/D♯ minor |
| C♭ major | 7 | B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭ | A♭ minor | B major/G♯ minor |
| Key signature | Major key | Minor key |
|---|---|---|
 no sharps or flats | C major | A minor |
| Key signature | Added ♯ | Major key | Minor key | Key signature | Added ♭ | Major key | Minor key |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 1 sharp | F♯ | G major | E minor |  1 flat | B♭ | F major | D minor |
 2 sharps | C♯ | D major | B minor |  2 flats | E♭ | B♭ major | G minor |
 3 sharps | G♯ | A major | F♯ minor |  3 flats | A♭ | E♭ major | C minor |
 4 sharps | D♯ | E major | C♯ minor |  4 flats | D♭ | A♭ major | F minor |
 5 sharps | A♯ | B major | G♯ minor |  5 flats | G♭ | D♭ major | B♭ minor |
 6 sharps | E♯ | F♯ major | D♯ minor |  6 flats | C♭ | G♭ major | E♭ minor |
 7 sharps | B♯ | C♯ major | A♯ minor |  7 flats | F♭ | C♭ major | A♭ minor |
0# 7# 2# 3b 4# 1b 6# 1# 4b 3# 2b 5# 0#
C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B C
Db Eb Gb Ab Bb Cb
5b 6b 7b
Repeated Repeated Repeated
7#s and 4bs
C C# D Eb E F F# G Ab A Bb B C
2) Circle of 5th to find the "#" and Circle of 4th to find the "b" in the scale
This is the method to find where are the "#" and "b" in the scale
This is very powerful because it help you
a) You know the Key Signature by the number of "#" or "b"
b) You quickly know where are all the "#" and "b" in the scale
Clockwise, Circle of 5th, recognizing the Key signature with "#"s
Anti-clockwise, Circle of 4th, recognizing the Key signature with "b"s
Circle of 5th to find the "#" in the scale
Db Eb Gb Ab Bb (Cb)
C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B C
C (0#)
(6#) F# G (1#)
(5#) B D (2#)
(4#) E A (3#)
C to G (Intervals 5 notes or 8 semi tones)
G to D (Intervals 5 notes or 8 semi tones)
D to A (Intervals 5 notes or 8 semi tones)
A to E (Intervals 5 notes or 8 semi tones)
B to F# (Intervals 5 notes or 8 semi tones)
Why the rest no sharp but F got sharp?
Because the rest have only 1 encounter one time semi tones either E-F or B-C
But for B to F#, there or 2 encounters of two semi tones, that's why have to # the F in order to have 8 semi tone count.
Example the scale of D
From the circle, we saw that there are 2 "#" for D, but where are they?
a) Write down the Alphabets of the Scale from A to A
D E F G A B C D
b) Count back 2 from A in the circle of 5th, that is C, so C#
But anything that has been counted previously has to be included, which is F#
Final
D E F# G A B C# D
Circle of 4th to find the "b" in the scale
Db Eb Gb Ab Bb (Cb)
C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B C
C (0b)
(6b) Gb F (1b)
(5b) Db Bb (2b)
(4b) Ab Eb (3b)
C to F (Intervals 4 notes or 6 semi tones)
F to Bb (Intervals 4 notes or 6 semi tones)
Bb to Eb (Intervals 4 notes or 6 semi tones)
Eb to Ab (Intervals 4 notes or 6 semi tones)
Ab to Gb (Intervals 4 notes or 6 semi tones)
Why the rest no "b" but F?
Because for F, there is no encounter of semi tone
But for the rest, there is "b" because there is 1 encounters semi tones each
Example the scale of Eb
From the circle, we saw that there are 3 "b" for Eb, but where are they?
a) Write down the Alphabets of the Scale from A to A
Eb F G A B C D Eb
b) Always that the "b" that is directly in front of Eb, that is Ab
Then use back all the "b" previously has been included, which is Bb
Final
Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb
Chord Transcription
1 - Any
2 - 5
3 - 6
4 - 1 or 5
5 - 1 or 4
6 - 2 or 4
C E G 1 3 5
F A C 4 6 1
G B D 5 7 2
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