Ophthalmology: the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the eye
Optometry: the science or practice of testing visual acuity and prescribing corrective lenses
the profession of examining the eyes and measuring errors in refraction and of prescribing glasses to correct these defects
Various Types of Inflammation of the Eye
In front of the eye
- Cornes or Corneal Inflammation (Due to Bacterial Infection): Keratitis (Eye Infection From Contact Lenses) Keratitis (also known as “corneal ulcer”) is an inflammation of the cornea – the clear, dome shaped window located at the front of the eye that covers the iris and pupil. Keratitis resulting from infections (called infectious keratitis) can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Keratitis can also occur a result of other insults to the cornea (called noninfectious keratitis) such as an injury, wearing your contact lenses too long, or very dry eye. Keratitis can become serious quickly – see your eye doctor right away to prevent vision loss
- Corneal inflammation (Due to Viral Infection): Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a severe type of conjunctivitis (pink eye) that can cause corneal inflammation. This usually occurs a week or two after the onset of the infection and may cause decreased vision.
Middle of the eye
- Anterior Chamber Inflammation: ANTERIOR UVEITIS (Iritis) (Inflammation of Anterior Chamber)
Back of the eye
- Retinal inflammation is the mainstay of this sqadia.com medical video lecture. Thorough explanation of acute purulent retinitis, subacute retinitis of Roth, and retinitis pigmentosa is given. Likewise, periphlebitis, periarteritis, angiitis, and Eales’ disease is also conversed about. Moreover, their pathogenesis and treatment are also elaborated
Eye Anatomy and Function - Made Easy
** CATARACT SURGERY: Everything you need to know | 2023 Update
Types of lenses, Pros and Cons
Latest Technology in Cataract Surgery. Who is suitable for what kind of lens, pros and Cons
What is GLAUCOMA? | Optometrist Explains
Caused by, Aging (diabetis, high blood pressure, ect), Family History, Genetic background, Neuro degeneration, High IOP, but not necessary IOP will cause Glaucoma.
Glaucoma is when your optical nerves are being killed. Up to 40% in order to be more noticeable
Showed Glaucoma patients viewing perspective
10 different layers of the optical nerve (Retina). 1st 3 layers killed will be high degree of glaucoma
2 machines will help to diagnose degree of glaucoma.
- Visual view (check peripheral view
- OCT, Optical Coherence Tomography Scan, calculate rate of optic nerve degeneration
What is Glaucoma - What Causes Glaucoma (Simple Answer)
Killing the optic nerve means thinning of the optic fibres by killing or removing the cells in the optic fibres.
Nerve: a whitish fibre or bundle of fibres in the body that transmits impulses of sensation to the brain or spinal cord, and impulses from these to the muscles and organs
What causes glaucoma, how is it diagnosed and how is it treated?
Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma and other Common Types of Glaucoma
Understanding Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma (and various types of eyedrops and treatments)
Understanding Open Angle Glaucoma
Glaucoma Explained
Glaucoma: Open-Angle, Closed-Angle, Symptoms, Pharmacology, Pathophysiology Nursing NCLEX
Ophthalmology 142 Corneal Edema keratopathy bullous Fuchs dystrophy 5% NaCl anhydrous glycerine
Corneal Oedema|| Epithelial Oedema|| Stromal| Striate keratopathy|Signs| Treatment of Corneal oedema
Cornea Edema = Corneal Edema = Corneal oedema
Due to increased IOP, fluid went into the cornea. Fluid causes Hazy vision to opiqucity
Glaucoma Test - Glaucoma Diagnosis (Types of machines use for glaucoma test
Best is OCT
How Macular Degeneration Affects Your Vision - 3D animation
How To Pick An Eye Surgeon For Your Cataract Surgery!
What Your Cataract Surgeon Never Told You | FIVE Common *Secret* Side Effects Of Cataract Surgery
The side effect of post cataract surgery that the surgeon didn't tell you
1) Dry Eye
2) Droopy Eyelids (Ptosis)
3) Unwanted Optical Images
- Positive Dysphotopsias, shadow or spot of white light
- Negative Dysphotopsias, shadow or spot of darkness
4) New Floaters
- Vitreous detachment (separation of vitreous/Jelly that fills the inner pasrt of the eye, to the retina)
- Eye inflammation inside the post surgical eye
5) Scar tissue behind the new lens (secondary cataract)
- also known as Posterior Capsular Opacity
- Use lazer to get rid of this tissue (YAG laser)
YAG capsulotomy on my own eye for treatment of posterior capsule opacification. Surgeon's view
5) Scar tissue behind the new lens (secondary cataract)
- also known as Posterior Capsular Opacity
- Use lazer to get rid of this tissue (YAG laser)
Ten Potential Cataract Surgery Complications
10 complication post cataract surgery
1) Infection inside you eye (Pink Eye). Acute Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) (Inflammation of the Conjunctiva, white part)
2) A bleed at the back of the eye (Pink eye) (Large bleed, Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage)
3) Insertion of the wrong IOL implant
- Surgeon error
- Inaccurate measurements of the eye before surgery (Solution, Lens exchange)
4) Persistent eye Inflammation at the back of the eye
- known as Cystoid Macular Oedema
5) Cloudiness of the front surface of the eye (the Cornea)
- Known ass Corneal Decompensation
6) Retinal Detachment
7) Posterior Capsular Rupture (during surgery)
- where there is a break in the back of the clear bag (zonule?) that normally holds your IOL implant
- Fragments of cataract can drop to th back of the eye
- cause inflammation, blurred vision, retinal detachment
- further surgery and longer recovery time
8) Iris Prolapse
9) Inserting the IOL upside down
10. An unstable capsular bag
- Insert a plastic ring known as a CTR (Capsular Tension Ring)
Vision Issues After Cataract Surgery - FAQs (EyeCare 20/20 Retina & Vision Center)
1) Cornea excessive swelling that distort the curvature of the cornea Delayed Clarity
2) Dry Eye Syndrome due to Inflammation of the eye
3) Excessive inflammation of the Cornea (front of the eye), Iris (Center of the eye), Retina (back of the eye)
Eye Trauma (Serious Injuries)
Learn about Glaucoma Eye Drop Medications
Causes of Red Eye - Part 2: ANTERIOR UVEITIS (Iritis) (Inflammation of Anterior Chamber)
Due to Trauma, Post Surgery
Treatment: Matropin, Homatropine Hydrobromide Eyedrop, Relax Iris marcle, Treat Uveitis (Inflammation of the Anterior Chamber, Inflammation of the Iris, which are the center portion of the eye), especially after Trauma (serious injury of the eye). To dilate pupil to lower eye pressure after eye surgery
Homatropine | Homatropine Eye Drops Uses | Homatropine Hydrobromide | Homatropine Methylbromide
Matropin, Homatropine Hydrobromide Eyedrop, Relax Iris marcle, Treat Uveitis (Inflammation of the Anterior Chamber, Inflammation of the Iris, which are the center portion of the eye), especially after Trauma (serious injury of the eye). To dilate pupil to lower eye pressure after eye surgery
** RED EYE || CAUSES || Conjunctivitis Vs Uveitis vs Acute angle closure Glaucoma
Inflammation of the Eyes - Sanjay Kedhar, MD
*** Ophthalmology 162 Anterior Uveitis Iritis IridoCyclitis Non suppurative glaucoma mechanism treatment
Blood In The Eye? Eye Doctor Explains
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=BIlyfonTzCM
HOW TO TREAT BROKEN BLOOD VESSEL IN EYE: what does it mean & how to treat bleeding or bloodshot eye
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Tbs8V6GVZTs
Sub-Conjunctival hemorrhage
Ophthalmology: the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the eye
Optometry: the science or practice of testing visual acuity and prescribing corrective lenses
the profession of examining the eyes and measuring errors in refraction and of prescribing glasses to correct these defects
WHAT CAUSES PINK EYE & HOW TO TREAT PINK EYE: youtube eye doctor explains conjunctivitis
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7uAZiu5bRj4
How to Get Rid of Pink Eye | 3 Must Know Facts About Pink Eye and Conjunctivitis
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=qEg7sJKRhXI
Keratitis (Inflamation of the Cornea)
Acute Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) | Allergic, Bacterial, Viral | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=j6cfrC_toH4&pp=ygUeQ2FuIHBpbmsgZXllIGNhdXNlIGJsdXIgdmlzaW9u
Inflamtion of the conjunctiva (white part of the eye)
Vision Issues After Cataract Surgery - FAQs (EyeCare 20/20 Retina & Vision Center)
5 Causes Of Double Vision In One Eye (Monocular Diplopia)
It is a optical issue that how the light refract into the eye
1) Astigmatism -very common refractive error, like near sighted or far sighted. It involves the curvature of the cornea. It become more curve. You see stretched light in the night. Reading fond as well, have shadow. Can be corrected by glasses or contact lens.
2) Keratoconus (Abnormal Astigmatism) - Abnormal cornea shape. See multiple images coming from 1 image. Glasses or contact lenses.
3) Cataracts (Secondary Cataract after Cataract Surgery) - Due to the opacity that cause the scattering of lights. Use laser to get rid of this tissue (YAG laser).
4) Changes to the retina or tissue in the back of the eye - Like Macular degeneration, Macular Pucker (Epiretinal Membrane, wrinkle up of membrane or tissue of the macular), Retina detachment. Treatment using Epiretinal Membrane Peel.
5) Dry eye
Ghosting vision, distorted vision, shadowy vision, double vision, using pin hold will help to block out other lights
Diplopia and Double Vision | What Causes It and How is it Treated?
Monocular Diplopia management
Eye medications after cataract surgery, routine drops - A State of Sight #129
Generally are 3 types
1) Anti infection (anti bacterial)
2) Anti inflammation
3) Steroid (3 times a day)
Cataract Surgery Post-Op Drops Simplified - Use 1 Bottle instead of 3! The Combination Eye Drop
Generally are 3 types
1) Anti infection (anti bacterial)
2) Anti inflammation
3) Steroid (3 times a day)
4) Artificial Tears
Bullous keratopathy - Corneal swelling after eye surgery - A State of Sight #123
Artificial Tears drops how to use: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Contraindications
Are you using the right artificial tears for your dry eye? What's new in 2022?
Best Eye Drops for Dry Eyes - Eye Drops Explained
Healing Corneal Abrasions | Dr. Alan Mendelsohn
Scratched Eye!? - What You NEED To Know // Corneal Abrasion (Symptoms, Treatment)
Can Corneal Abrasion lead to cloudy vision in one eye? - Dr. Sirish Nelivigi
Broken Blood Vessel And Bloodshot Eye?! - Subconjunctival Hemorrhage (Causes, Treatment)
Causes of red clots in eyes - Dr. Mala Suresh
Can Corneal Abrasion lead to cloudy vision in one eye? - Dr. Sirish Nelivigi
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=hMPsqozFe0o&pp=ygUjRXllIGluZmxhbWF0aW9uIGNhdXNlIGJsdXJyeSB2aXNpb24%3D
Decreased vision after conjunctivitis, pink eye inflammation - A State of Sight #121
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eab05NynyGI&pp=ygUjRXllIGluZmxhbWF0aW9uIGNhdXNlIGJsdXJyeSB2aXNpb24%3D
What is Normal and Abnormal Symptoms to Experience after Cataract Surgery
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zcC9d120hsc
How long is your vision blurry or cloudy after cataract surgery? - Dr. Sriram Ramalingam
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=VH-AaMyq7ko&pp=ygUYQmx1cnJ5IGFmdGVyIGV5ZSBzdXJnZXJ5
What Happens To Your Vision After Cataract Surgery?
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=otYaTaXvs6U&t=3s&pp=ygUfRXllIGhhdmluZyBwcm9ibGVtIHNlZWluZyBkZXB0aA%3D%3D
Double vision, using something to trsin your brain to merge the double vision
Using Capsular Tension Rings (CTR) in Cataract Surgery with zonular loss
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=3ozYsjF2HWc&pp=ygUaV2hhdCBpcyBjcnQgaW4gbG9zcyB6b251bGU%3D
5 reasons for double vision
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=05mecOlSero
Blur vision, close angle glutcoma
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Rt2m5XnpDt8
Anisometropia: Can’t Focus? What Happens When Your Eyes Don’t Have Equal Sight
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=VT9s77MGeKY&t=6s&pp=ygUrT25lIGV5ZSBsb25nIHNpZ2h0ZWQsIG9uZSBleWUgc2hvcnQgc2lnaHRlZA%3D%3D
Near sighted, how it looks like
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fl4rgDA7AHc&pp=ygUrT25lIGV5ZSBsb25nIHNpZ2h0ZWQsIG9uZSBleWUgc2hvcnQgc2lnaHRlZA%3D%3D
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=K-Al2OymxRs
Amblyopia, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eLbmk1Go8YQ&pp=ygUrT25lIGV5ZSBsb25nIHNpZ2h0ZWQsIG9uZSBleWUgc2hvcnQgc2lnaHRlZA%3D%3D
What is Gloucoma?
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=40eE6LY3Ss0&t=305s
Myopia, shortsightedness, nearsightedness, can see near
Hyperopia, longsightedness, farsightedness, can see far or distance object clearly
Presbyopia, ae related
Amblyopia, Lazy eye, the brain only recognise images from the stronger eye (dominant eye) and ignore the images of the weaker eye
Monocular Diplopia, ghosting vision or double vision of 1 eye
Binocular Diplopia, when both eyes open and see double vision
Having depth issue. This is because your brain has been self thought to recognise images more from the more dominwnt eye (1 eye is more dominant than the other eye)
Acute Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) | Allergic, Bacterial, Viral | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Conjunctiva, the white part of the eyeball
Keratitis (Inflamation or infection of the Cornea)
Acute Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) (Inflamation of the Conjunctiva, white part)
Dry eye: symptoms, causes and treatments
DRY EYES - The Surprising SYMPTOMS And Causes Of Dry Eye Syndrome
Dry Eye Syndrome, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.
ASTIGMATIC DIAL TEST ||OPTOMETRY
Glasses and Contact Lens Prescription Explained | Eyes Explained
OD: Oculus Dexter - Right Eye
OS: Oculus Sinister - Left Eye
Sphere: Long or Short Sighted related, About the Spherical of the eyeball.
+ Long-Sightedness (Hyperopia). Eyeball shape is shorter, images projected behind of the Retina
- Short-Sightedness (Myopia), Eyeball shape is longer, images projected in front of the Retina
Measure in Diaocter, the Larger the number, higher degree, more serious, go by 0.25 per step
Diaocter (how much to move to the retina) means diameter of the shape of the eye ball to be corrected. -2,00 means moving forward the diameter by 2.00 to the retina for short-sighted people. +2.00 means moving backward the diameter by 2.00 t the retina for long-sighted people.
PL: Pl, Plano, means ZERO (0.00)
Measure in Diaocter, measurement in the refractive power of the lens, go by 0.25 per step
Cyl: Or Cylinder, ASTIG (CORNEA) related, Reading or word related. Double or Triple shadow of words appeared. Cornea become shape of Ruby ball
Imagine Ruby Ball shaped like Cylinder
Determine level of ASTIGMATISM you have
The shape of the cornea shaped like Ruby ball (football).
Vertical Over shape (see street light in horizonal tailed format night)
Horizontal Over shape (see street light in vertical tailed form at night)
Diagonal Over shape (see street light in diagonal tailed form at night)
Measure in Diaocter, measurement in the refractive power of the lens, go by 0.25 per step
Measure in Diaocter, the Larger the number, higher degree, more serious, go by 0.25 per step
Diaocter (how much to move to the retina) means diameter of the shape of the eye ball to be corrected. -2,00 means moving forward the diameter by 2.00 to the retina for short-sighted Astigmatism people. +2.00 means moving backward the diameter by 2.00 t the retina for long-sighted Astigmatism people.
Axis: ASTIG related, Reading or word related. Double or Triple shadow of words appeared.
The Direction or Axis the football is pointing at
Vertical Axis (Vertical Direction), words appeared overlapping on Horizonal axis. 3 o'clock axis is very clear and sharp, 3 x 30 = 90 (Fan test, horizonal line very clear and sharp)
Horizontal Axis (Horizontal Direction), words appeared overlapping in Vertical axis, 6 o'clock axis is very clear and sharp, 6 x 30 = 180 (Fan test, vertical line very clear and sharp)
Diagonal Axis (Diagonal Direction), words appeared overlapping in Diagonal axis
Add: Addition. PREBYOBIA related. For closed up activities
Requires Bi-Focals or Multi-Focals Reading Specticals
Prism: Prism Diaocter. Turned Eye or DOUBLE VISION related. Binocular Diplopia
BD = Base Down
BU = Base Up
BI = Base In
BO = Base Out
Pupillary Distance (PD):
Myopia vs Astigmatism vision (POV)
MYOPIA vs normal vision (POV
ASTIGMATISM vision vs NORMAL vision
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